|  | | | | Vaccine-preventable disease in women of reproductive age | | | Autor(es): | FERRIS, Daron G. (1) and SHULMAN, Lee (2)
(1) Director, Gynecologic Cancer Prevention Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia e (2) Anna Ross Lapham Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. | | Instituição: | American Society for Reproductive Medicine | | País: | Birmingham/AL, USA | | Publicação/Editora: | Sexuality, Reproduction and Menopause, vol. 8, nº 1, Supplement, p. 30-33 | | Data da publicação: | 02/2010 | | Número de Páginas: | 4 | | Veiculação no PEC: | 18/02/2010 18h40 | | Resumo: | The need for greater efforts to immunize the adult population to prevent diseases, limit outbreaks, and protect the health of the community at large is underscored by the following facts:
>> By age 50, 80% of unvaccinated women will be infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes cervical and other cancers, genital warts, and other diseases. Nearly 10,000 new cases and 4000 deaths from cervical cancer are reported annually.
>> Almost one-third of reported pertussis (whooping cough) cases are now in adults.
>> Rubella (German measles) that occurs during pregnancy can result in severe birth defects, miscarriage, and stillbirths.
>> Adolescents and adults are more likely than children to develop severe complications when infected with varicella (chickenpox).
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides guidance to clinicians regarding effective control of vaccine-preventable diseases, including guidelines for special populations such as the elderly, immunocompromised, and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Formulation of recommendations for vaccination of pregnant and breastfeeding women is especially challenging because of the limited availability of scientific evidence needed to guide decisions.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that each product be classified under one of 5 pregnancy categories (A, B, C, D, or X), based on risk of reproductive and developmental adverse effects or, in some instances, on the basis of risk weighed against potential benefit. Category A designation indicates that adequate, well-controlled studies in women fail to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester with no evidence of a risk in later trimesters, and that the possibility of fetal harm appears remote. In category D, there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug. In category X, the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits. To promote use of a consistent process and uniform technology, ACIP is currently developing guiding principles for drafting recommendations for vaccination of breastfeeding and pregnant women.
Among the vaccines commonly used in adult women are those that protect against influenza; tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap); rubella; varicella; herpes zoster; and HPV. | | Arquivo para Download: | | PEC-SBI_Imuniz_Vaccine-preventable disease in women of reproductive age.pdf | | Links Relacionados: | | http://www.srm-ejournal.com/article.asp?AID=8350 |
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